Dealing with headaches can be frustrating, as they have the potential to disrupt daily activities and overall quality of life. There are many reasons why headaches occur, and the kind of headache someone gets can vary, from a mild, throbbing ache to a severe, debilitating pain.
We provide an overview of the different types of headaches, their causes, and the available treatment options.
Tension Type Headaches
A tension headache is the most frequent kind and it presents with a constant, dull pain that resembles a tight band around the head. The pain is usually mild to moderate and impacts both sides of the head.
Causes
The exact cause of tension headaches remains unclear, but they may be associated with muscle tension in the head and neck, as well as poor posture. Factors that can trigger tension headaches include stress, eye strain, insufficient sleep, and habits like jaw clenching or teeth grinding (this is known as bruxism and often happens during sleep).
Treatments
The primary objective when treating tension headaches is to reduce pain and lessen the frequency and severity of headaches. Over-the-counter pain relievers are commonly used for this purpose. However, in certain situations, stronger pain relievers may be prescribed, such as muscle relaxants.
There are also non-medication treatments to ease tension headaches. These options may involve physical therapy like stretching and massage, acupuncture, and stress management methods.
You can be proactive and prevent tension headaches by taking preventative measures such as:
- Staying hydrated
- Practising relaxation techniques to reduce stress
- Establishing a regular sleep schedule and ensuring good sleep quality
- Setting up a workspace that promotes good posture and reduces strain
- Engaging in regular physical activity
Migraine Headaches
Migraines are severe headaches that cause intense, pulsating pain, usually on one side of the head. They may also come with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound and can last for hours or even days.
Causes
Migraines may stem from several factors. Genetics can have a major impact on migraine development, with those who have a family history of migraines being more prone to experiencing them. Hormonal changes, especially in women, can also set off migraines due to fluctuations in oestrogen.
Stress is another frequent migraine trigger, as it can create muscle tension and result in headaches. Sensory stimuli, like intense lights, strong scents, or loud sounds, can also induce migraines in certain people.
Treatments
Over the counter medications such as ibuprofen and paracetamol can help to relieve migraines. Doctors can also prescribe triptans, which function by constricting blood vessels and interrupting pain signals in the brain.
For chronic migraines, a doctor may recommend preventive medications such as beta blockers, antidepressants, or anti-seizure drugs. Botox injections have also been approved for the treatment of chronic migraines.
In some cases, alternative therapies such as acupuncture or cognitive behavioural therapy may be recommended to help manage migraines.
In addition to medication, lifestyle changes can also help manage migraines. This includes getting enough sleep, managing stress, staying hydrated, and avoiding triggers such as certain foods, alcohol, and bright lights. Regular exercise and relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation can also be beneficial in preventing migraines.
Hormone Headache
Like migraines, hormonal headaches can be severe and debilitating, often accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and visual disturbances.
Causes
Hormonal headaches are a type of headache that is closely linked to hormonal fluctuations in the body.
These headaches are often experienced by women and can be triggered by changes in oestrogen levels, such as those that occur during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause.
They can also be triggered by factors such as stress, lack of sleep, and certain foods or drinks.
Treatments
Treatment for hormonal headaches may include medications to help regulate hormone levels, as well as lifestyle changes such as stress management techniques, regular exercise, and a healthy diet.
In some cases, hormonal headaches may be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications.
Sinus Headache
Sinus headache pain is often described as a dull, throbbing ache that can worsen with movement or changes in pressure, such as bending over. Other symptoms of a sinus headache may include nasal congestion, facial tenderness, and a feeling of fullness in the ears.
Causes
Sinus headaches are caused by the inflammation and blockage of the sinuses. This inflammation can be due to infections, allergies, and structural issues in the nasal passages. When the sinuses are blocked, mucus can build up, increasing pressure and causing a headache. Changes in air pressure and exposure to irritants like smoke or strong odours can often trigger sinus headaches.
Treatments
Treatment for sinus headaches often involves addressing the underlying cause, such as treating allergies or using decongestants to reduce inflammation.
Using a saline nasal spray or rinse can effectively clear out sinuses and reduce inflammation. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can also help ease sinus headache pain and pressure.
Additionally, using a humidifier or taking a hot shower can moisten nasal passages for relief. Some individuals also find relief from sinus headaches by applying a warm compress to the forehead or engaging in gentle yoga or stretching exercises to release tension in the head and neck.
Cluster Headache
Cluster headaches are known to be extremely painful, often described as excruciating and incapacitating. The pain is usually felt as a burning or stabbing sensation near or behind one eye, usually happening in cycles or clusters and lasting anywhere from 15 minutes to three hours. These headaches can occur several times a day during a cluster period, which may persist for weeks or even months.
Causes
The exact cause of cluster headaches is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve the activation of the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for sensation in the face.
Certain triggers, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and changes in sleep patterns, can also exacerbate cluster headaches.
Treatments
Cluster headaches are often treated with medications like triptans, as well as oxygen therapy to ease the pain and shorten the duration of the headache. If these methods don’t work, nerve blocks may be suggested, where a numbing medication is injected into the nerves to block pain signals. In more severe cases, surgery may be considered as a last resort.
Seek Advice from a Professional
Overall, the treatment for headaches can vary depending on the individual and the severity of their symptoms. It is important for those suffering from headaches to work closely with their healthcare provider, such as a professional chiropractor, to find the most effective treatment plan for their specific needs.
Morley Chiropractic Clinic, located near Leeds, has been providing care for local patients since 1996. If you want to learn more about how we can help you, contact our team today.
